Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Enantiomer-Dependent Biological Activity of Cysteine-Coated Ceria Nanoparticles in Colorectal Cancer Cells

doi: 10.64898/2026.04.27.721174

Figure Lengend Snippet: The selected models represent a clinical spectrum ranging from healthy colon tissue to aggressive metastasis. CCD-18Co serves as the non-malignant, healthy fibroblast control. COLO-201 is a highly proliferative adenocarcinoma characterized by high stress sensitivity and low functional A20 expression. DLD-1 is an MSI-H model with intact, albeit modified, A20 feedback (SNV:single-nucleotide variation). LoVo represents a metastatic MSI-H line harboring a Loss-of-Function (LOF) A20 mutation, maintaining resilience through a robust GSH-mediated antioxidant shield. (Gradient bars: Green = Low; Red = High). Created with BioRender.com .

Article Snippet: The colorectal cancer cell lines DLD-1 and COLO-201 (ATCC) were maintained in RPMI-1640 (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA, R8758), while LoVo (ATCC) was cultured in F-12K Medium (HyClone, Cytiva, USA, Cat# SH30526.0).

Techniques: Control, Functional Assay, Expressing, Modification, Mutagenesis

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Enantiomer-Dependent Biological Activity of Cysteine-Coated Ceria Nanoparticles in Colorectal Cancer Cells

doi: 10.64898/2026.04.27.721174

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A & B ): Cell viability of COLO-201, DLD-1, LoVo, and CCD-18Co cells treated with D-Cys@CeNP (A) and L-Cys@CeNP (B) for 24 h at increasing concentrations. (C & D) Cell viability of COLO-201, DLD-1, LoVo, and CCD-18Co cells treated with D-Cys@CeNP (C) and L- 34 C 0 ys@CeNP (D) for 72 h at increasing concentrations. (E) IC 50 values for D-Cys@CeNP and L-Cys@CeNP treatments at 24 h and 72 h for all cell lines. (F) Summary table displaying the mean IC 50 values (µg/mL) for each treatment condition across all cell lines. The results represent the mean ± SD of three independent biological replicates (n=3). The dotted vertical lines indicate the IC 50 values, which are also displayed in the figure. Statistical significance was analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test: (ns = non-significant, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001).

Article Snippet: The colorectal cancer cell lines DLD-1 and COLO-201 (ATCC) were maintained in RPMI-1640 (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA, R8758), while LoVo (ATCC) was cultured in F-12K Medium (HyClone, Cytiva, USA, Cat# SH30526.0).

Techniques:

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Enantiomer-Dependent Biological Activity of Cysteine-Coated Ceria Nanoparticles in Colorectal Cancer Cells

doi: 10.64898/2026.04.27.721174

Figure Lengend Snippet: h. The Selectivity Index is defined as the ratio of IC50 values in healthy control cells (CCD-18Co) to those in CRC cell lines (LoVo, DLD-1, and COLO-201). (A) Enantiomeric Comparison at 24 h: Comparison of SI values between D-Cys@CeNP (orange) and L-Cys@CeNP (brown) after 24 hours of exposure . (B) Enantiomeric Comparison at 72 h: Comparison of SI values between D-Cys@CeNP and L-Cys@CeNP after 72 hours of exposure. (C) Time-dependent analysis of D-Cys@CeNP selectivity across CRC cell lines. Over time NPs become more selective in COLO-201 . (D) Time-dependent analysis of L-Cys@CeNP. The horizontal dashed line at SI=2.0 represents the baseline for selectivity. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n=3). Statistical significance is indicated by asterisks (, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001)

Article Snippet: The colorectal cancer cell lines DLD-1 and COLO-201 (ATCC) were maintained in RPMI-1640 (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA, R8758), while LoVo (ATCC) was cultured in F-12K Medium (HyClone, Cytiva, USA, Cat# SH30526.0).

Techniques: Control, Comparison

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Enantiomer-Dependent Biological Activity of Cysteine-Coated Ceria Nanoparticles in Colorectal Cancer Cells

doi: 10.64898/2026.04.27.721174

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) COLO-201 cells treated with D-Cys@CeNP and L-Cys@CeNP for 24 h; ROS fold change comparison. (B) DLD-1 cells treated with D-Cys@CeNP and L-Cys@CeNP for 24 h; ROS fold change comparison. (C) LoVo cells treated with D-Cys@CeNP and L-Cys@CeNP for 24 h; ROS fold change comparison. (D) CCD-18Co cells treated with D-Cys@CeNP and L-Cys@CeNP for 24 h; ROS fold change comparison. (E) Mechanistic Efficiency Index values for D-Cys@CeNP (orange) and L-Cys@CeNP (blue) across four cell lines: COLO-201, DLD-1, LoVo, and CCD-18Co . (F) ROS fold change at IC₅₀ concentrations in colorectal cancer and control cell lines treated with D-Cys@CeNP (red) and L-Cys@CeNP (blue) at their respective IC₅₀ concentrations.The vertical dashed lines indicate the IC 50 values on the X-axis. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001).

Article Snippet: The colorectal cancer cell lines DLD-1 and COLO-201 (ATCC) were maintained in RPMI-1640 (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA, R8758), while LoVo (ATCC) was cultured in F-12K Medium (HyClone, Cytiva, USA, Cat# SH30526.0).

Techniques: Comparison, Control

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Enantiomer-Dependent Biological Activity of Cysteine-Coated Ceria Nanoparticles in Colorectal Cancer Cells

doi: 10.64898/2026.04.27.721174

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Expression levels of TNFAIP3, IKBKG, and NFKBIA in all cell lines (COLO-201, DLD-1, LoVo, and CCD-18Co) after CeNP treatment. (B) Comparison of TNFAIP3, IKBKG, and NFKBIA expression within each cell lineand each nanoparticle treatment (D-Cys@CeNP vs. L-Cys@CeNP) across all cell lines. (ns = non-significant, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001).

Article Snippet: The colorectal cancer cell lines DLD-1 and COLO-201 (ATCC) were maintained in RPMI-1640 (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA, R8758), while LoVo (ATCC) was cultured in F-12K Medium (HyClone, Cytiva, USA, Cat# SH30526.0).

Techniques: Expressing, Comparison

Journal: Archiv Der Pharmazie

Article Title: Synthesis and Characterization of Sulfonamide‐Schiff Bases, and Investigation of Cytotoxic, Antioxidant, HDAC, and Apoptotic Activities in Human Colon Cancer Cells (DLD‐1 and HT‐29)

doi: 10.1002/ardp.70235

Figure Lengend Snippet: (a) Cell viability (%) and half‐maximal inhibitory concentration (LogIC₅₀) for compound 1 and 3a–d in DLD‐1 cells (MTT assay); (b) one‐way ANOVA (Dunnett's multiple comparisons) of percentage viability for each compound (dose: 100 µM), shown as bar graphs relative to control (cells + medium) (n: 3).

Article Snippet: Colon cancer cell lines DLD‐1 (ATCC:CCL‐221), HT‐29 (ATTC:HTB‐38), and normal cell line CCD‐18Co (ATCC:CRL‐1459) used in this study were obtained from Gebze Technical University and SAP Institute (Türkiye).

Techniques: Concentration Assay, MTT Assay, Control

Journal: Archiv Der Pharmazie

Article Title: Synthesis and Characterization of Sulfonamide‐Schiff Bases, and Investigation of Cytotoxic, Antioxidant, HDAC, and Apoptotic Activities in Human Colon Cancer Cells (DLD‐1 and HT‐29)

doi: 10.1002/ardp.70235

Figure Lengend Snippet: (a) Cell viability (%) and half‐maximal inhibitory concentration (LogIC₅₀) for compound 1 and 3a–d in DLD‐1 cells by WST‐8 assay; (b) cell viability (%) and LogIC₅₀ for compound 1 and 3a–d in HT‐29 cells by WST‐8 assay (Control: cells with medium only) (n: 3).

Article Snippet: Colon cancer cell lines DLD‐1 (ATCC:CCL‐221), HT‐29 (ATTC:HTB‐38), and normal cell line CCD‐18Co (ATCC:CRL‐1459) used in this study were obtained from Gebze Technical University and SAP Institute (Türkiye).

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Control

Journal: Archiv Der Pharmazie

Article Title: Synthesis and Characterization of Sulfonamide‐Schiff Bases, and Investigation of Cytotoxic, Antioxidant, HDAC, and Apoptotic Activities in Human Colon Cancer Cells (DLD‐1 and HT‐29)

doi: 10.1002/ardp.70235

Figure Lengend Snippet: (a) ELISA‐based induction of total antioxidant capacity for compound 1 and 3a–d in DLD‐1 cells; (b) ELISA‐based induction for compound 1 and 3a–d in HT‐29 cells (Blank: ddH₂O; Positive control: Trolox; Control: cells + medium).

Article Snippet: Colon cancer cell lines DLD‐1 (ATCC:CCL‐221), HT‐29 (ATTC:HTB‐38), and normal cell line CCD‐18Co (ATCC:CRL‐1459) used in this study were obtained from Gebze Technical University and SAP Institute (Türkiye).

Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Positive Control, Control

Journal: Archiv Der Pharmazie

Article Title: Synthesis and Characterization of Sulfonamide‐Schiff Bases, and Investigation of Cytotoxic, Antioxidant, HDAC, and Apoptotic Activities in Human Colon Cancer Cells (DLD‐1 and HT‐29)

doi: 10.1002/ardp.70235

Figure Lengend Snippet: (a) ELISA‐based induction of HDAC activity for compound 1 and 3a–d in DLD‐1 cells; (b) ELISA‐based induction of HDAC activity for compound 1 and 3a–d in HT‐29 cells (Blank: ddH₂O; Positive control: HeLa nuclear extract; Control: cells + medium).

Article Snippet: Colon cancer cell lines DLD‐1 (ATCC:CCL‐221), HT‐29 (ATTC:HTB‐38), and normal cell line CCD‐18Co (ATCC:CRL‐1459) used in this study were obtained from Gebze Technical University and SAP Institute (Türkiye).

Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Activity Assay, Positive Control, Control

Journal: Archiv Der Pharmazie

Article Title: Synthesis and Characterization of Sulfonamide‐Schiff Bases, and Investigation of Cytotoxic, Antioxidant, HDAC, and Apoptotic Activities in Human Colon Cancer Cells (DLD‐1 and HT‐29)

doi: 10.1002/ardp.70235

Figure Lengend Snippet: (a) Western blot analysis of p38/MAPK and ERK1 protein levels in DLD‐1 cells treated with compound 1 and 3a–d ; (b) corresponding analysis in HT‐29 cells (Housekeeping: β‐actin; Control: cells + medium).

Article Snippet: Colon cancer cell lines DLD‐1 (ATCC:CCL‐221), HT‐29 (ATTC:HTB‐38), and normal cell line CCD‐18Co (ATCC:CRL‐1459) used in this study were obtained from Gebze Technical University and SAP Institute (Türkiye).

Techniques: Western Blot, Control